How Quantum is Life?

Voting Deadline: December 1, 2025 at 10AM US EST

Abstract

It is shown that quantum standard deviation, used to derive Heisenberg uncertainty relations within the framework of quantum formalism, is not an appropriate mathematical notion for characterizing accuracy of a quantum measurement. Therefore, these uncertainty relations are a purely mathematical abstraction. Also, it is shown that the notion about measurement of non-commuting observables is inconsistent with elementary principles of quantum mechanics, stating that one can measure simultaneously only those observables, which commute with system's Hamiltonian. Because of that, Heisenberg uncertainty relations lack not just theoretical but empirical ground as well.
Janis Ruza
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